CT-IGFBP-4 as a Predictive Novel Biomarker of Ischemic Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Author:

Bhattarai Abhinav1ORCID,Singh Sunar Pritam1,Shah Sangam1ORCID,Chamlagain Rajan2,Babu Pokhrel Nishan2ORCID,Khanal Pitambar2,Kumar Sah Sanjit2,Poudel Sujan3,Belbase Kapil2,Chand Swati4,Khanal Rajaram5,Bhattarai Anil5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal

2. Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal

3. Division of Research Affairs, Larkins Community Hospital, South Miami, USA

4. Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA

5. Department of Cardiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal

Abstract

Background and objective. Numerous novel biomarkers have been proposed for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Measurement of the carboxyl-terminal (CT) fragment of IGFBP-4, the CT-IGFBP-4, has shown promising efficacy in cardiac risk assessment in various studies. We performed a systematic review of studies that accessed the utility and predictability of CT-IGFBP-4 in different ischemic cardiovascular events. Methods. The electronic databases PubMed, medRxiv, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant literature from inception to the 10th of December, 2021. Thus, retrieved literature was screened by title and abstract, followed by full-text screening based on the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was accessed using the quality in prognostic studies (QUIPSs) tool. The data on cardiovascular outcomes about CT-IGFBP-4 levels were studied and the results were synthesized. Results. Five studies with a total of 1,417 participants were included in our study. The studies reported a low risk of bias. The mean age of the participants was 66.14 and more than 65% were males. Elevated CT-IGFBP-4 levels were associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes and increased mortality in severely ill patients. In contrast, there were no significant findings in the case of stable patients. Sandwich ELISA using lithium-heparin plasma provided a better detection limit of 0.15 ng/ml, low cross-reactivity (<2%), and generated linear results between 12 and 500 ng/ml. Conclusion. CT-IGFBP-4 is an efficient biomarker for the prediction of MACE and mortality in patients with severe ischemic cardiovascular events.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging

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