Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy for Moderate or Severe Proteinuria: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objective. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of drugs differs in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) patients with moderate or high proteinuria. However, there is no systematic comparison confirming it. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to respectively compare the efficacy of ten IMN treatments in patients with moderate and high proteinuria and compare the risk of adverse events with 10 IMN regimens. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies analyzing the main therapeutic regimens for IMN were included from some databases. Network comparisons were performed to analyze the rates of total remission (TR), bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) was calculated to rank interventions. Results. Seventeen RCTs and eight observational studies involving 1778 patients were pooled for comparison of ten interventions. Steroid + tacrolimus (TAC) showed the highest probabilities of TR whether patients had severe proteinuria or not (SUCRA 89.5% and 88.9%, separately). Rituximab (RTX) was more beneficial for TR on patients with proteinuria <8 g/d (SUCRA 66.0%) and was associated with a lower risk of bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms (SUCRA 21.7% and 21.4%, separately). TAC + RTX and steroids + cyclophosphamide induced the highest rates of bone marrow suppression (SUCRA 90.6% and 88.3%, separately) and gastrointestinal symptoms (SUCRA 86.0% and 72.1%, separately). Conclusions. Steroids + TAC showed significant efficacy in patients with all degrees of proteinuria, while RTX was more effective in patients with moderate proteinuria and was safer in bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms.