An Extensive Critique on Electric Vehicle Components and Charging Systems

Abstract

Nowadays the demand for electric vehicles has been increasing due to their dropping price range and zero emission of carbon. This article initially discusses the development of various electric vehicles from the past to the present. Since the electric motor plays a significant role in EVs, various motors suitable for EVs have been identified and surveyed in this work. The battery storage system is a critical component of EVs; hence, the article goes over all the different types of batteries, from lead acid to lithium ion. Additionally, the other vehicle components such as converters required for charging the batteries, intelligent controllers, electric vehicle charging process, power management, and battery energy management concepts that are available are discussed in detail. Moreover, we bring our work to a conclusion by outlining the research opportunities that remain for the academic and industrial groups. Therefore, the proposed work intends to assist as a state-of-the-art reference for researchers in the field of various electric vehicle configurations, storage systems, converter configurations, charging techniques, control methods, and modulation methods.