Skeletal Divergence and Condylar Asymmetry in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction. This study was aimed at evaluating the association between vertical skeletal patterns, condylar height symmetry, and temporomandibular disorders in adults. Methods. The study sample consisted of 200 patients (ages 18–30 years old) retrospectively recruited: 100 with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and 100 without TMD (control), diagnosed by Diagnostic Criteria for the Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). For each subject, skeletal divergence was assessed on lateral cephalograms, and condylar height symmetry was evaluated by orthopantomography (Habets’ method). Results. Subjects with temporomandibular disorders showed a strong association with condylar asymmetry ( $p<0.0001$ ) and, for the skeletal pattern variables, hyperdivergence ( $p<0.001$ ). A correlation with the female sex was also found ( $p<0.04$ ), while there was no difference in terms of age in the 2 groups ( $p>0.29$ ). Conclusions. Although it does not imply a direct cause-and-effect relationship, the present study suggests condylar asymmetry and hyperdivergent skeletal pattern are more likely to be associated with a higher risk of temporomandibular disorder joint diseases in adult patients.