L(+) and D(-) Lactate Are Increased in Plasma and Urine Samples of Type 2 Diabetes as Measured by a Simultaneous Quantification of L(+) and D(-) Lactate by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Background. Plasma and urinary levels of D-lactate have been linked to the presence of diabetes. Previously developed techniques have shown several limitations to further evaluate D-lactate as a biomarker for this condition.Methods. D- and L-lactate were quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with labelled internal standard. Samples were derivatized with diacetyl-L-tartaric anhydride and separated on a C18-reversed phase column. D- and L-lactate were analysed in plasma and urine of controls, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Results. Quantitative analysis of D- and L-lactate was achieved successfully. Calibration curves were linear (r2>0.99) over the physiological and pathophysiological ranges. Recoveries for urine and plasma were between 96% and 113%. Inter- and intra-assay variations were between 2% and 9%. The limits of detection of D-lactate and L-lactate in plasma were 0.7 μmol/L and 0.2 μmol/L, respectively. The limits of detection of D-lactate and L-lactate in urine were 8.1 nmol/mmol creatinine and 4.4 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively. Plasma and urinary levels of D- and L-lactate were increased in patients with IBD and T2DM as compared with controls.Conclusion. The presented method proved to be suitable for the quantification of D- and L-lactate and opens the possibility to explore the use of D-lactate as a biomarker.