Analysis of Threshold Change of Tumor Mutation Burden in Gastric Cancer

Abstract

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of tumor mutation burden (TMB) in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with prognosis. Methods. A total of 262 patients with GC from January 2018 to December 2019 were included in this study. All patients were in the advanced stage and were treated with surgical removal of D2 lymph nodes and dissection. Clinical data and gene expression profile data of the GC dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas were collected. Patients were randomly divided into a high-level group and a low-level group according to the TMB of 8 mutations/Mb. TMB of GC was calculated based on cell mutation data. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between TMB and prognosis of GC patients. Results. The total mutation rate of 262GC patients was 92.85%. The top 5 mutant genes were TP53, RB1, ARID1A, KMT2B, and RET. The expression level of TMB in GC patients was statistically significant with age, drinking history, and differentiation type. 94 of the 262 patients died, and 168 survived during the follow-up period. Patients with a high level of TMB had a worse prognosis than those with low level of TMB. The results of univariate and multivariate logistic analysis showed that the overall survival rate of GC patients was statistically significant with age, drinking history, clinical stage, differentiation type, and TMB. Conclusion. GC patients are often accompanied by changes in TMB, and its expression level is closely related to the degree of pathological differentiation, which is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of GC patients. High TMB value can evaluate the prognosis and provide a reference for the formulation of clinical treatment plans for GC patients.