Association of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Health with Third Molar Pericoronitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background. Pericoronitis is a painful inflammatory condition commonly associated with third molar teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral hygiene and periodontal health status and the presence of pericoronitis in semi-impacted third molar teeth. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 54 patients having at least one mandibular vertically semi-impacted third molar tooth with or without pericoronitis were consecutively enrolled. Subjects with pericoronitis and subjects with healthy third molars were selected according to symptoms in the gingiva overlying semi-impacted third molar teeth. Periodontal health status and oral hygiene were evaluated with the measures of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and total number of sites with a probing depth $\left(\text{PD}\right)\ge 4\text{mm}$ . The clinical data collected in this study was analyzed with Mann–Whitney $U$ test using SPSS 20.0 package program. Results. The PI scores were found to be significantly higher in patients with pericoronitis ( $p<0.05$ ). Although the GI scores and PD scores were higher in patients with pericoronitis, the difference did not reach statistical significance when compared with those in healthy subjects ( $p>0.05$ ). Conclusion. The findings obtained in this study suggest that the amount of dental plaque was positively associated with third molar pericoronitis. Gingival and periodontal health conditions were similar between patients with and without pericoronitis. Improving oral hygiene and controlling dental plaque may help prevent third molar pericoronitis.