A Method to Simulate the Migration and Accumulation of Hydrocarbon with Analogue Modeling

Abstract

Subsurface migration and accumulation of oil and gas have interested researchers for a long time, but these processes may occur over very long geological periods and are difficult to observe directly, so experimental simulations are warranted. In this study, an experimental method was developed to model hydrocarbon migration in the subsurface structure. Oil migration was simulated in a sandbox model, and industrial CT scanning was used to observe both the internal geometry of the model and the oil migration pathways. In the sandbox model, a NaI solution was used to simulate water, white oil was used to simulate hydrocarbon, and fine quartz sand, glass bead, silica powder, and brown corundum were chosen to represent brittle crust, based on suitable material parameters. A NaI-saturated layered sandbox model was constructed with an along-strike basal discontinuity, which during compression allowed a simple anticline with doubly verging reverse faults to form. Oil was then released continuously at a low rate from an orifice under one limb of the anticline. Initially, the oil migrated vertically through the fault zone until it reached the top of the fault zone; it then migrated laterally along the core of the anticline, saturating a model reservoir by buoyancy and capillary force. This experimental analog helps to explain hydrocarbon migration and accumulation within the Anjihai and Santai anticlines in northwest China.