Risk Factors for Poor Prognosis of Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality Associated with Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the factors associated with the prognosis of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) accompanied by cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C-OPLL). Methods. We retrospectively investigated 287 patients with SCIWORA associated with C-OPLL, who were admitted within 30 days after trauma to our facility between August 2014 and August 2018. All patients were divided into the good or poor prognosis group. Patient demographics were analyzed. Besides, occupying ratio on CT and spinal cord high signal changes in MRI T2WI were measured and recorded. Multivariate linear regression was applied to analyze the correlation of prognosis with spinal cord high signal changes in MRI T2WI, cause of injury, and occupying ratio. Results. Occupying ratio of ossification mass was $43.5\pm 10.7$ % in the poor prognosis group and $27.3\pm 7.7$ % in the good prognosis group. The occurrence rate of high signal changes in MRI T2WI was 84.2% in the poor prognosis group and 41.3% in the good prognosis group. Poor prognosis was correlated with high occupying ratio and spinal cord high signal changes in MRI T2WI. In the patient with SCIWORA associated with C-OPLL, ROC curve of occupying ratio showed 30% as a predictor for the poor prognosis. Among the 92 patients with occupying $\text{ratio}\le 30$ %, poor prognosis was observed in 5 cases (5.4%), whereas in the 72 cases with occupying $\text{ratio}>30$ %, poor prognosis was seen in 33 cases (45.8%). Postoperative AIS grade at final follow-up in occupying $\text{ratio}>30$ % group was significantly worse. Conclusions. Patients suffering from SCIWORA with C-OPLL have poor prognosis when they have higher occupying ratio of ossification mass and spinal cord high signal changes in MRI T2WI. The cut-off value of occupying ratio for predicting the poor prognosis was 30% in patients with SCIWORA associated with C-OPLL.