Study of Triangular Fuzzy Hybrid Nanofluids on the Natural Convection Flow and Heat Transfer between Two Vertical Plates

Abstract

The prime objective of the current study is to examine the effects of third-grade hybrid nanofluid with natural convection utilizing the ferro-particle $\left({\text{Fe}}_3{\text{O}}_4\right)$ and titanium dioxide $\left({\text{TiO}}_2\right)$ and sodium alginate (SA) as a host fluid, flowing through vertical parallel plates, under the fuzzy atmosphere. The dimensionless highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are computed adopting the bvp4c numerical approach. This is an extremely effective technique with a low computational cost. For validation, it is found that as the volume fraction of $\left({\text{Fe}}_3{\text{O}}_4+{\text{TiO}}_2\right)$ hybrid nanoparticles rises, so does the heat transfer rate. The current and existing results with their comparisons are shown in the form of the tables. The present findings are in good agreement with their previous numerical and analytical results in a crisp atmosphere. The nanoparticles volume fraction of ${\text{Fe}}_3{\text{O}}_4$ and ${\text{TiO}}_2$ is taken as uncertain parameters in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) [0, 0.05, 0.1]. The TFNs are controlled by $\alpha -\text{cut}$ and the variability of the uncertainty is studied through triangular membership function (MF).