Effect of Amalgam Restorations and Operation Parameters on Diagnostic Accuracy of Caries Detection Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting noncavitated approximal caries at different exposure parameters and to assess the impact of artifacts generated by amalgam restorations in an in vitro study. Seventy-eight approximal surfaces of extracted teeth were prepared with intentionally created noncavitated approximal caries of different depths; then, thirteen teeth with class 2 amalgam restorations were replaced with one tooth with normal surfaces in each block. CBCT volumes for all teeth were acquired using a Planmeca Promax 3D Mid imaging unit before and after placement of amalgam teeth, with different exposure parameters at low and high definition, both applying and omitting the Metal Artifact Reduction algorithm. The lesions were classified into four groups with regard to lesion extension. All teeth underwent histological analysis as gold standard. The histological examination showed that the distribution of lesions was as follows: 39.8% sound, enamel lesions of less and more than half the enamel thickness each 17.8%, and 24.6% dentin lesions. The detection sensitivity was found to be 0.972%, and specificity was found to be 0.937% for the detection of noncavitated approximal initial enamel and dentin caries. The highest diagnostic accuracy was found when using operating parameters of 90 kVp, 8 mA, and high resolution (75 μm) with nonamalgam teeth; all modes showed statistically significant higher AUCs than mode 2 (80 kVp, 7 mA, and 75 μm). However, for teeth with amalgam restorations, the highest accuracy was obtained at low resolution (200 μm) with the other parameters kept the same. It could be concluded that increasing the peak voltage and current improves diagnostic accuracy for the detection of noncavitated approximal caries. Moreover, diagnostic accuracy was found to be higher upon using high spatial resolution when diagnosing caries without adjacent amalgam restorations. There is a statistically significant difference with and without amalgam with respect to all modes.