Downregulation of Matriptase Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Proinflammatory Cytokines by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Abstract

Matriptases are cell surface proteolytic enzymes belonging to the type II transmembrane serine protease family that mediate inflammatory skin disorders and cancer progression. Matriptases may affect the development of periodontitis via protease-activated receptor-2 activity. However, the cellular mechanism by which matriptases are involved in periodontitis is unknown. In this study, we examined the antiperiodontitis effects of matriptase on Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Matriptase small interfering RNA-transfected HGFs were treated with PG-LPS. The mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Western blot analyses were performed to measure the levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)/transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), p65, and p50 in PG-LPS-stimulated HGFs. Matriptase downregulation inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression, including the expression of IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-Iβ. Moreover, matriptase downregulation inhibited PG-LPS-stimulated MMP-1 expression. Additionally, we confirmed that the mechanism underlying the effects of matriptase downregulation involves the suppression of PG-LPS-induced IRAK1/TAK1 and NF-κB. These results suggest that downregulation of matriptase PG-LPS-induced MMP-1 and proinflammatory cytokine expression via TLR4-mediated IRAK1/TAK1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in HGFs.