Femoral Head Coverage Assessment in Healthy Children Younger than 6 Years

Abstract

Introduction. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the commonest hip joint pathologies in children; to treat it properly, hip surgeons should know the normal femoral head (FH) coverage by the acetabulum. This paper aims to assess the femoral head coverage in healthy children younger than 6 years. Methods. 270 hip joint CT scans were selected, and digital pelvic models were created according to these scans. FH coverage by the five acetabular regions was assessed according to patient’s age and sex. Results. Normal reference values of FH coverage by different acetabular regions were obtained. It was found that the growth process of different acetabular regions occurs nonlinearly with the periods of acceleration. Anterior and superior-anterior acetabular regions grow more intensively in boys up to 3 years old and between 4 and 5 years old both in boys and girls; superior-posterior, posterior-superior, and posterior-inferior acetabular regions grow more intensively in boys and girls up to 3 years old and between 4 and 5 years old ( $p\le 0.005$ ). The following sex differences in FH coverage by the acetabulum were found: more superior-anterior FH coverage was found in boys and posterior FH coverage in girls ( $p\le 0.005$ ).