Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Journey Ahead

Author:

Ray Chandan1ORCID,Kerketta Joshi A.2,Rao Subhash3,Patel Snehal4,Dutt Shantanu5,Arora Kamal6,Pournami Femitha7,Bhushan Phani8

Affiliation:

1. Bhagirathi Neotia Woman and Child Care Center, 2 Rawdon Street, Park street Area, Kolkata 700017, West Bengal, India

2. Healthworld Hospitals, C-49, Commercial Area, Opp. ESIC, Sub-Regional Office, Near Gandhi More, City Centre, Durgapur 713216, West Bengal, India

3. Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Mini Sea Shore Road, Sector 10, Vashi, Navi Mumbai 400703, Maharashtra, India

4. Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Pritan Rai Cross Road, Ellise Bridge, Paldi, Ahmedabad 380006, Gujarat, India

5. Dr. Dutt Children Hospital & Nursing Home, Parker College Rd, Budh Bazaar, Moradabad 244001, Uttar Pradesh, India

6. Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Tagore Nagar, Civil Lines, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India

7. Kerala Institute of Medical Science, P.B. No. 1, Anayara P.O., Trivandrum 695029, Kerala, India

8. Columbia Asia Referral Hospital Yeshwanthpur, 26/4, Brigade Gateway, Beside Metro Cash and Carry West, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru 560055, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Breast milk is a complex biological fluid that is rich in nutrients and bioactive agents that support the healthy growth and development of the newborns. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are unconjugated glycans that constitute an important component of the protection conferred by breast milk on the neonate. HMOs may act locally on the neonatal intestine by acting as signalling molecules and directly interacting with the host cells. Although fucosylated and sialylated HMOs have little nutritional value, they exert important prebiotic as well as immunomodulatory effects on the infant gut. However, there is heterogeneity in the quantity and quality of HMOs in breast milk produced by mothers under influence of the genetic and environmental factors. This review encompasses the salient aspects of HMOs such as composition, function, structural diversity, and functional impact on the growth and survival of newborns. In this review, the current knowledge on HMOs is contextualised to discuss the gaps in scientific understanding and the avenues for future research.

Funder

Fahmina Anwar, Nestle South Asia region

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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