Multiresidue Analysis of 86 Pesticides Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry: II-Nonleafy Vegetables

Abstract

A total of 1057 samples of fresh vegetables from import and domestic production were analyzed (cold pepper, egg plant, carrot, cucumber, potato, hot pepper, cultivation tomato, squash, beans, okra, onions, cauliflower, and green house tomato). The aim of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in market foods in Riyadh, which have been collected from Riyadh Development Company (Al-Tamer Vegetables Market). Pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MSD). A multiresidue method was developed and described for simultaneous determination of 86 pesticides commonly used in crop protection. This method used to determine 86 pesticide residues with a broad range of physicochemical properties in fresh vegetables related to organophosphorus (OPP), organochlorines (OCP), pyrethroids, and carbamates mainly used in agriculture. Sample extract was cleaned up by using AOAC method. Pesticide residues above the maximum residue limits (MRL) were detected in 15.89% of the total samples (168 from 1057 samples), but 83.90% of the total samples (887 from 1057 samples) has no residues or contained pesticide residues at or below MRL. The detected and most frequently found pesticide residues were permethrin (45 times) and endosulfan (34 times) followed by deltamethrin (27 times). The findings of this study pointed to the following recommendations: the need for a monitoring program for pesticide residues in imported food crops.