Men with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes May Have Different Change Patterns in Free Testosterone

Abstract

Objective. Type 2 diabetic (T2D) male patients with low total testosterone (TT) levels are at an increasing risk of all-cause mortality. However, the levels of TT in male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) remain largely unknown. Research Design and Methods. This was a single-center, open, observational study. The inclusion criteria were male patients who were diagnosed with LADA, and sex, body mass index, C-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels matched with those of T2D patients. Islet function/sensitivity and sex hormone concentrations were determined at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was the changes in androgen levels from baseline to 1-year follow-up in patients with LADA. Results. Our data showed that TT and Bio-T levels remained unchanged, while FT levels significantly decreased from baseline to 1-year follow-up in patients with T2D. However, TT, Bio-T, and FT concentrations dramatically increased in the LADA group from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Furthermore, a Spearman analysis showed that changes of TT, FT, and Bio-T levels from baseline to endpoint were significantly negatively correlated with Δ homeostasis model assessment-2 IR (ΔHOMA2-IR), respectively. Conclusions. The FT change patterns in patients with LADA may differ from those in patients with T2D. Our data also indicated the significant negative correlation between insulin sensitivity and changes of TT, FT, and Bio-T levels along with the diabetic duration in patients with T2D and LADA.