Adsorption of Cd (II) Using Chemically Modified Rice Husk: Characterization, Equilibrium, and Kinetic Studies

Author:

Montalvo-Andía Javier1ORCID,Reátegui-Romero Warren2,Peña-Contreras Alexis D.2,Zaldivar Alvarez Walter F.2,King-Santos María E.23,Fernández-Guzmán Víctor4,Guerrero-Guevara José Luis2,Puris-Naupay Jhon E.2

Affiliation:

1. Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Católica San Pablo, Quinta Vivanco s/n, Urb. Campiña Paisajista, Arequipa, Peru

2. Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Textil (FIQT), National University of Engineering (UNI), Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Lima, Peru

3. Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental (FIA), National University of Engineering (UNI), Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Lima 25, Lima, Peru

4. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. República de Venezuela s/n, Cercado de Lima 15081, Peru

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal considered carcinogenic to humans. The adsorption behavior of cadmium adsorption using untreated and chemically modified rice husk was investigated. Experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the influence of the variables pH, initial concentration of cadmium, and dosage of adsorbent in the adsorption process. In optimal experimental conditions, the maximum adsorption efficiency was 92.65%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used allowing the identification of the main functional groups and morphology of rice husk and treated rice husk, and the results showed an improvement of adsorption characteristics after rice husk treatment with NaOH. The optimum adsorption pH for both types of rice husk was 7. The maximum adsorption capacities of RH and treated RH fitted by the Langmuir model were 5.13 mg/g and 11.06 mg/g, respectively. The pseudosecond order kinetics has the best coefficients of determination for untreated ( R 2 = 0.992 ) and treated ( R 2 = 0.999 ) rice husk. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic in nature with enthalpy of 14.08 kJ/mol and entropy of 170.98 J/mol.K. The calculated activation energy was 24 kJ/mol. The results showed the potential of rice husk as a low-cost, easily managed, and efficient biosorbent for Cd removal from waters.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Surfaces and Interfaces,General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry

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