The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Disease: From Physiological Response to Injury Factor

Author:

D’Oria Rossella1ORCID,Schipani Rossella1ORCID,Leonardini Anna1ORCID,Natalicchio Annalisa1ORCID,Perrini Sebastio1ORCID,Cignarelli Angelo1ORCID,Laviola Luigi1ORCID,Giorgino Francesco1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen, controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart, ROS play an important role in cell homeostasis, by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. Oxidative stress occurs when ROS production exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense systems, leading to cellular and molecular abnormalities, ultimately resulting in cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the physiological sources of ROS in the heart, the mechanisms of oxidative stress-related myocardial injury, and the implications of experimental studies and clinical trials with antioxidant therapies in cardiovascular diseases.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cell Biology,Aging,General Medicine,Biochemistry

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