Numerical Investigations on Unsteady Features of Rounded Trailing Edge Airfoils

Abstract

As a practical rounded trailing edge airfoil for coaxial rotors, DBLN-526 is a fore and aft symmetrical airfoil with two steps on its lower side. This airfoil has been used at the inboard section of the coaxial rotor system. As there are always two eddies behind the airfoil because of its rounded trailing edge, the interaction between the separation and transition should be considered. Thus, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes- (RANS-) based $\gamma -{\overline{\mathrm{Re}}}_{\theta t}$ model was used to analyze the unsteady transition and separation features. Three different rounded trailing-edge airfoils were compared with DBLN-526. Power spectrum density analysis and $\Delta \text{Cl}$ calculations demonstrated that the lift coefficient fluctuation of DBLN-526 was smaller than that of other rounded airfoils with different angles. Further investigation indicated that the locations of transition for DBLN-526 can be fixed at a wide range of angles by the unique design on its lower side. Because of this settled transition location, the size of separation is decreased, and the position of separation is settled as well, which leads to a lower lift coefficient fluctuation. The turbulent kinetic energy after the transition was higher, which injected a lot of energy into the boundary layer, and the separation zone near the transition position was relatively smaller. This study provides an indication for controlling separation and reducing unsteady fluctuations for rounded trailing edge airfoils.