Studies on Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru Hybrid Magnetic Composites for Reusable Photocatalytic Application

Author:

Kumar Avvaru Praveen1ORCID,Bilehal Dinesh2ORCID,Desalegn Tegene1ORCID,Kumar Shalendra34ORCID,Ahmed Faheem3ORCID,Murthy H. C. Ananda1ORCID,Kumar Deepak5ORCID,Gupta Gaurav6ORCID,Chellappan Dinesh Kumar7ORCID,Singh Sachin Kumar8ORCID,Dua Kamal910ORCID,Lee Yong-Ill11ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia

2. Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 560008 Karnataka, India

3. Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

4. Department of Physics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India

5. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, 173229, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

6. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India

7. Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia

8. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India

9. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia

10. Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia

11. Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Degradation of dye pollutants by the photocatalytic process has been regarded as the most efficient green method for removal organic dyes from contaminated water. The current research work describes the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru hybrid magnetic composites (HMCs) and their photocatalytic degradation of two azo dye pollutants, methyl orange (MO) and methyl red (MR), under irradiation of visible light. The synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMCs involves three stages, including synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres (MMSs), followed by silica (SiO2) coating to get Fe3O4@SiO2 MMSs, and then incorporation of presynthesized Ru nanoparticles (~3 nm) onto the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 HMCs. The synthesized HMCs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, XPS, BET analysis, UV-DRS, PL spectroscopy, and VSM to study the physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, the narrow band gap energy of the HMC photocatalyst is a significant parameter that provides high photocatalytic properties due to the high light adsorption. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMCs was assessed by researching their ability to degrade the aqueous solution of MO and MR dyes under visible radiation, and the influence of various functional parameters on photocatalytic degradation has also been studied. The results indicate that the photocatalytic degradation of MO and MR dyes is more than 90%, and acid media favors better degradation. The probable mechanism of photodegradation of azo dyes by Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMC catalysts has been proposed. Furthermore, due to the strong ferromagnetic Fe3O4 core, HMCs were easily separated from the solution after the photocatalytic degradation process for reuse. Also, the photocatalytic activity after six cycles of use is greater than 90%, suggesting the stability of the synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2@Ru HMCs.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Surfaces and Interfaces,General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry

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