Factor Analysis Related to the Change in Activities of Daily Living Performance of Stroke Patients

Abstract

This study is aimed at investigating the factors influencing the change (improvement) in the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) in stroke patients. This study utilized data collected from 123 stroke patients at admission and discharge from a local rehabilitation hospital in South Korea between 2019 and 2022. We analyzed the correlations between ADL (Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index) and spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), muscle strength (Manual Muscle Test), gait ability (Functional Ambulation Category), cognitive function (Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination), upper extremity function (Manual Function Test), and balance function (Berg Balance Scale). In addition, to identify the factors influencing the change in ADL in line with the 3 months of rehabilitation, a multiple regression analysis was performed. The results of the correlation analysis showed that balance function ($r=0.925$, $p<0.01$) and gait ability ($r=0.921$, $p<0.01$) had strong positive correlations with ADL. Multiple regression analysis ($F=34.547$, $p\le 0.001$, adj.$R^2=0.466$) indicated that changes in the upper extremity ($\beta =0.494$, $p\le 0.001$), cognitive ($\beta =0.197$, $p=0.008$), and balance ($\beta =0.163$, $p=0.029$) functions influenced changes in ADL. Our results found that the recovery of upper extremity function along with the improvement of cognitive and balance functions had a significant effect on the improvement of independence in ADL in stroke patients.