Physicochemical Characterization of Detarium microcarpum Seeds from Northern Benin

Abstract

The objective of this work is to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the Detarium microcarpum seeds from North Benin, specially the proximate composition, colour, minerals, and antinutritional factors using standard analytical methods. The results show that the contents of moisture, protein, total sugars, lipid, crude fiber, and ash ranged, respectively, from 10.85 to 14.69%, from 13.54 to 17.82%, from 19.69 to 32.04%, from 8.68 to 11.90%, from 19.78 to 34.24%, and from 1.5 to 3.49%. The luminance (l $\ast$ ), red saturation (a $\ast$ ), and yellow saturation (b $\ast$ ) have, respectively, ranged from 60.45 to 67.64, from 5.44 to 8.86, and from 8.24 to 9.28. Seeds contain interesting contents of potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and iron; they have, respectively, varied from 6141.88 to 12305.16 mg/kg, from 1254.47 to 2168.62 mg/kg, from 1298.87 to 2533.06 mg/kg, from 75.18 to 307.23 mg/kg, from 53.52 to 136.19 mg/kg, and from 28.46 to 181.42 mg/kg. The investigation of antinutritional factors indicates the presence of oxalates, phytates, total phenolic compounds, and saponins with contents that have varied, respectively, from 1.01 to 2.36%, from 0.37 to 0.87%, from 3.13 to 7.61%, and from 1.35 to 4.59%. On average, the physicochemical characteristics of the Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean zones are similar, except for total sugar content.