Comparative Insights into the Skin Beneficial Properties of Probiotic Lactobacillus Isolates of Skin Origin

Abstract

In recent times, probiotics have been emerging as one of valuable cosmetic resources. This work was undertaken to evaluate and compare the skin beneficial properties of three Lactobacillus strains, namely, L. plantarum SB202, L. fermentum SB101, and L. paraplantarum SB401, originally isolated from the healthy skins of Koreans. The Lactobacillus isolates were individually grown in MRS broth, and the corresponding cell-free conditioned mediums (CMs), LP202, LF101 and LPP401, were prepared for analyzing diverse cosmetic potentials at a comparative perspective. The superoxide radical and nitrite ion scavenging activities of the CMs were in the orders of $\text{LPP}401\ge \text{LF}101>\text{LP}202$ and $\text{LPP}401>\text{LF}101\fallingdotseq \text{LPP}202$ , respectively. They attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite ion levels in RAW264.7 murine macrophages both in the order of $\text{LPP}401\ge \text{LF}101>\text{LP}202$ , implying their anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibited antityrosinase activities in the order of $\text{LPP}401>\text{LF}101\ge \text{LP}202$ and diminished α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin levels in B16F10 melanoma cells in the order of $\text{LPP}401\fallingdotseq \text{LF}101>\text{LP}202$ , suggesting their skin whitening activities. They enhanced cornfield envelope formation in HaCaT keratinocytes in the order of $\text{LPP}401>\text{LF}101>\text{LP}202$ . They inhibited the in vitro hyaluronidase and elastase activities in the orders of $\text{LPP}401>\text{LP}202\ge \text{LF}101$ and $\text{LPP}401\ge \text{LP}202>\text{LF}101$ , respectively. Their enhancing properties on the synthesis of procollagen type I in normal human dermal fibroblasts were in the order of $\text{LF}101\fallingdotseq \text{LPP}401>>\text{LP}202$ . The CMs possess various cosmetic characteristics, such as antioxidant, skin whitening, antiaging, barrier improving, and anti-inflammatory activities. LPP401, the CM prepared from L. paraplantarum SB401, has been evaluated to be more desirable cosmetic resource than LP202 and LF101.