1. Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
2. Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, No. 2 Changqing St., Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
3. Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Road, Kaoshiung 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
4. Yuan’s Hospital, No. 162 Cheng Kung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 802, Kaohsiung, Taiwan