1. Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
2. Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
4. Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan