Evidence of Allergic Reactions and Cardiopulmonary Impairments among Traders Operating from Foodstuff Warehouses

Abstract

Background.Foodstuff traders operating from warehouses (FTFW) are potentially exposed to dangerous rodenticides/pesticides that may have adverse effects on cardiopulmonary function.Methods.Fifty consenting male foodstuff traders, comprising 15 traders (21–63 years) operating outside warehouses and 35 FTFW (20–64 years), were randomly recruited at Ogbete Market, Enugu, in a cross-sectional observational study of spirometric and electrocardiographic parameters. Seventeen FTFW (21–57 years) participated in focus group discussions. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed thematically and with independentt-test and Pearson correlation coefficient atp<0.05, respectively.Results.Most FTFW experienced respiratory symptoms, especially dry cough (97.1%) and wheezing (31.4%) with significant reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC) (t=-2.654;p=0.011), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (t=-2.240;p=0.030), maximum expiratory flow rate (FEF200–1200) (t=-1.148;p=-0.047), and forced end-expiratory flow (FEF75–85) (t=-1.11;p=0.007). The maximum mid-expiratory flow (FEF25–75) was marginally decreased (p>0.05) with a significantly prolonged (p<0.05) QTc interval.Conclusion.Allergic response was evident in the FTFW. Significant decrease in FVC may negatively impact lung flow rates and explains the marginal decrease inFEF25–75, which implies a relative limitation in airflow of peripheral/distal airways and elastic recoil of the lungs. This is consistent with obstructive pulmonary disease; a significant decrease inFEF75–85/FEV1supports this conclusion. Significant decrease inFEF200–1200indicates abnormalities in the large airways/larynx just as significantly prolonged ventricular repolarization suggests cardiac arrhythmias.