Oral Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study of Recovered Iraqi Patients

Author:

Al-Magsoosi Mohanad Jameel Najm1ORCID,Al-Asadi Oras Kadhim Baqer2ORCID,Al-Quraine Nibrass Talib3,Sami Suha Mohammad4ORCID,Haider Julfikar5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

2. Department of Dentistry, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Amarah, Iraq

3. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

4. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq

5. Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK

Abstract

Aims. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of oral manifestations related to COVID-19 infection among a sample of recovered patients in the Basrah province of Iraq. Methodology. This cross-sectional study included a total of 574 individuals from Basrah city, Iraq (196 males and 378 females), who had been previously infected with COVID-19. A questionnaire was developed and used to record the demographic data, medical history, severity of respiratory infection followed by hospitalization along with oral signs and symptoms that occurred during the COVID-19 infection and their persistence after recovery. Results. Oral manifestations were reported in 88.3% of the studied sample. The most common oral manifestation was ageusia (66.8%), followed by dry mouth (59%), gustatory changes (46%), dysphagia (40.5%), burning sensation (20.8%), oral ulceration (14.5%), and gingival bleeding (3.3%). The findings suggested that ageusia was the only symptom that persisted following recovery from the COVID-19 infection. The results showed a significant statistical correlation between the incidence of oral manifestations and the severity of COVID-19 infection followed by hospitalization. A significant correlation was also found between the age groups and COVID-19 oral manifestations, whereas no significant statistical relationship was observed between gender, smoking, and systemic diseases. Conclusions. COVID-19 infection has considerable impacts on the oral cavity and salivary glands and after recovery from the infection, some patients continue to complain of ageusia for several months. There is a positive correlation between the incidence of oral signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection and the severity of the infection.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Dentistry

Reference25 articles.

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2. Technical guidance;World Health Organisation (WHO),2022

3. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

4. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19);Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),2020

5. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin;P. Zhou;Nature,2020

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