Neonatal Liver Failure and Congenital Cirrhosis due to Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Author:

Roos Mariano da Rocha Carolina1ORCID,Rostirola Guedes Renata2,Kieling Carlos Oscar2,Rossato Adami Marina2,Cerski Carlos Thadeu Schmidt3,Gonçalves Vieira Sandra Maria4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

2. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

3. Department of Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Pathology Unit, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

4. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Abstract

Neonatal liver failure (NLF) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, presenting as acute liver failure and/or congenital cirrhosis. Many affected patients show antenatal signs of fetal injury. There are several causes of NLF and early diagnosis is mandatory to elucidate the etiology and determine a specific treatment or the best management strategy. Gestational alloimmune liver disease associated with neonatal hemochromatosis (GALD-NH) is a rare but potentially treatable cause of NLF. It should be considered in any neonate with fetal signs of disease and postnatal signs of liver failure with no other identifiable causes. GALD-NH is often diagnosed late and patients are therefore referred late to specialized centers, delaying treatment. This case highlights the consequences of late diagnosis and treatment of GALD-NH and emphasizes the importance of a high grade of suspicion of this disease in order to refer the patient to a specialized center soon enough to perform the appropriate treatment.

Funder

FIPE-HCPA

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Medicine

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