Investigation of Different Mechanisms to Detect Misbehaving Nodes in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)

Abstract

The vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET) is a crucial technology that will play a significant role in shaping the future of transition systems, which is widely used as a subset of ad-hoc networks. VANET aims to ensure driver safety by establishing independent communication with nearby vehicles. A key requirement for successful data transmission is cooperation among nodes, as factors such as high mobility, limited radio range, signal fading, and noise lead to packet loss. Security issues in vehicle ad-hoc networks have recently become a major concern. One factor that affects security is the presence of abusive nodes in the network. Like selfish nodes, they are reluctant to share their sources with their neighbors and try to keep their property. The misbehavior of malicious nodes includes dissemination of false traffic information, false location information, and redirection of packets to a wrong path, retransmission of packets, impersonation, so these nodes should be tracked down to ensure the operation of the network. This article provides a complete summary of various research works proposed to detect selfish and malicious nodes and isolate them from honest vehicles. This review article first describes the types of attacks. It then presents the methods proposed by researchers to deal with uncooperative nodes and compares their performance based on parameters such as the number of misbehaving nodes detected, overhead, throughput, layer involved in the attacks.