Gastrointestinal Pathobionts in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Patients

Abstract

Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, with a rising incidence worldwide, particularly in children. CD is thought to arise due to an immune response to environmental factors. The role of bacteria in CD has recently been highlighted, and here, we examine the prevalence of two bacterial species, enterotoxigenicBacteroides fragilis(ETBF) andFusobacterium nucleatum, implicated in gastrointestinal pathologies, in a pediatric CD cohort. Stool samples from 30 children with treatment-naïve CD and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were collected, and DNA was extracted. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the levels of ETBF andF. nucleatumin stool samples. Bacterial positivity and relative abundance were assessed between cases and controls and in relation to disease severity. No associations were found between colonization with ETBF and CD, or between colonization with either ETBF orF. nucleatumand disease severity or presence ofC. concisus. However, a strong association was observed between positivity forF. nucleatumin the stool samples and the occurrence of CD in patients (25/30) as compared to controls (8/30) (P=0.003).F. nucleatumis more prevalent in the stool samples of pediatric CD patients, compared to healthy controls, and may have potential use as a biomarker of pediatric CD.