Prescribed Thermal Activity in the Radiative Bidirectional Flow of Magnetized Hybrid Nanofluid: Keller-Box Approach

Abstract

In this exploration, we decided to investigate the significance of prescribed thermal conditions on unsteady 3D dynamics of water-based radiative hybrid nanofluid with the impact of cylindrical-shaped nanosized particles (alumina ( ${\text{Al}}_2{\text{O}}_3$ ) and titania ( $\text{Ti}{\text{O}}_2$ )). For physical relevancy, the impact of the Lorentz force is also included. The combination of suitable variables has been used to transform the transport equations into the system of ordinary differential equations and then numerically solved via the Keller-Box approach. Graphical illustrations have been used to predict the impact of the involved parameters on the thermal setup. Convergence analysis is presented via the grid independence approach. Skin frictions and local Nusselt numbers against various choices of involved parameters are plotted and arranged in tabular forms. It is observed through the present investigation that temperature distribution is increased with the higher choices of radiation parameter $0.0\le R_{\text{d}}\le 2.0$ and decreased with the improvement in the choices of temperature maintaining indices (i.e., $-2.0\le r,s\le 2.0$ ). Moreover, the thermophysical properties except specific heat for hybrid nanofluid are improved with the involvement of cylindrical-shaped nanoparticles. The temperature of the hybrid nanofluid is observed to be higher for variable thermal conditions as compared to uniform thermal conditions. Outfalls for a limited version of the report have been compared with a previous published paper.