Effects of Nursing Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Self-Perceived Burden, Drug Compliance, and Quality of Life of Renal Transplant Recipients

Abstract

Objective. To explore the effects of nursing intervention based on health belief model (HBM) on self-perceived burden, drug compliance, and quality of life of renal transplant recipients. Methods. Sixty patients with renal transplantation treated in our hospital from February 2019 to July 2021 were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to control group and study group. The former received routine nursing and the latter received nursing intervention based on HBM. Results. The nursing satisfaction in the study group was higher compared to the control group ( $P<0.05$ ). Secondly, we compared the scores of self-burdens. Before nursing, they exhibited no significant difference ( $P>0.05$ ); after nursing, they decreased. Moreover, the physical burden, economic burden, and emotional burden of the study group were lower compared to the control group ( $P<0.05$ ). In terms of drug compliance, the rates of no missed medication, noncontinuous missed medication, timely medication, dose-by-dose medication, and non-self-stopping medication in the study group were higher compared to the control group ( $P<0.05$ ). The scores of SAS and SDS exhibited no significant difference before nursing ( $P>0.05$ ). After nursing, they decreased. Furthermore, the scores of SAS and SDS of the study group were lower compared to the control group ( $P<0.05$ ). The self-management ability exhibited no significant difference before nursing ( $P>0.05$ ); after nursing, it increased. Moreover, the self-management ability of the study group at discharge and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after discharge was higher compared to the control group ( $P<0.05$ ). Finally, we compared the scores of quality of life. Before nursing, there was no significant difference ( $P>0.05$ ). The scores of physiological function, psychological function, social function, and health self-cognition in the study group were lower compared to the control group ( $P<0.05$ ). Conclusion. The nursing intervention based on HBM can enhance the medication compliance of renal transplant recipients, and the intervention effect is long-lasting. Meanwhile, it can effectively enhance the negative emotion of patients, reduce the burden of self-feeling, promote the quality of life, strengthen the self-management of patients, and facilitate the prognosis.