Determination of Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Malaysian Stingless Bee Propolis Water Extracts

Author:

Syed Salleh Sharifah Nur Amalina1ORCID,Mohd Hanapiah Nur Ayuni1,Ahmad Hafandi2,Wan Johari Wan Lutfi1ORCID,Osman Nurul Huda3,Mamat Mohd Razif4

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2. Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

4. Indo-Malayan Stingless Bee Repository, Malaysia Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Abstract

Propolis contains polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenols that are able to demonstrate a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, and many more. This study was carried out to determine the total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of water-extracted propolis samples from three different Indo-Malayan stingless bee species, namely, Tetrigona apicalis, Tetrigona binghami, and Homotrigona fimbriata. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated using Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric and aluminium chloride methods, respectively, while the antioxidant activity was analysed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Results indicated that H. fimbriata extracts exhibit the highest TPC, TFC, and antiradical activity among all samples tested. Interestingly, the data also showed that the higher the concentration of the extract used, the higher the antioxidant activity exhibited by the samples. Statistically, there were no significant differences recorded between the different bee species’ propolis studied. In conclusion, the propolis extracts showed stronger antioxidant potential with higher TPC and TFC values. This study also noted the presence of bioactive compounds from local stingless bee propolis that could potentially be utilised for their medicinal and health benefits.

Funder

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science

Reference43 articles.

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2. Effect of Propolis Preparations on Transepithelial Electrical Potential, Resistance, and Ion Transport in In Vitro Study

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4. Ethanolic extract of propolis from the Malaysian stingless bee Geniotrigona thoracica inhibits formation of THP-1 derived macrophage foam cells

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