Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of CBX3 Expression in Human Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background. Chromebox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) as a member of the heterochromatin-associated protein 1 (HP1) family has been reported to be overexpressed in human cancer tissues. Numerous studies have shown the relationship between the CBX3 expression and clinicopathological factor or prognosis in malignant tumors, but their results are inconsistent. To address these results, a meta-analysis was described to investigate the prognostic value and clinicopathological significance of CBX3 expression in human malignant neoplasms. Methods. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were used to search eligible literatures, including publications prior to September 2019. The role of CBX3 in cancer prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics was assessed by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Eleven studies with 1682 cancer patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. This analysis demonstrated that the patients’ increased CBX3 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (univariate analysis: $\text{HR}=1.81$ , 95% CI 1.46-2.25; multivariate analysis: $\text{HR}=1.95$ , 95% CI 1.63-2.34). Subgroups analysis by tumor type also indicated that high expression of CBX3 was correlated with poor OS in tongue squamous cell carcinoma ( $\text{HR}=3.31$ , 95% CI 2.03-5.39), lung cancer ( $\text{HR}=1.66$ , 95% CI 1.21-2.29), genitourinary cancer ( $\text{HR}=2.03$ , 95% CI 1.15-3.58), and digestive cancer ( $\text{HR}=1.48$ , 95% CI 1.23-1.79). For clinicopathological features, high expression of CBX3 was associated with lymph node metastasis ( $\text{OR}=2.96$ , 95% CI 1.42-6.20) and lager tumor size ( $\text{OR}=1.60$ , 95% CI 1.12-2.28). Conclusion. The results of this meta-analysis indicated that CBX3 expression may be a novel biomarker for predicting patient prognosis and clinicopathological parameters in multiple human cancer.