The Effect of Built-Up Area Density and Vegetation Density on Surface Temperature in Banjarmasin City

Abstract

Banjarmasin City continues to develop rapidly. Malls and settlements are the newly built-up area that has reduced vegetation cover leading to changes in surface temperature in Banjarmasin City. Analysis of temperature changes is needed to determine the effect of increasing built-up areas and decreasing vegetation cover. The surface temperature can be detected and analyzed using satellite imagery. The study aimed to analyze the built-up area and vegetation density index and their effect on changes in surface temperature in Banjarmasin City from 2015 to 2019. We employed remote sensing and surveys to monitor and detect regional changes in urban areas due to rapid development. Built-up areas can be mapped using the Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) algorithm, and vegetation density can be mapped using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm. The correlation value between building density and surface temperature in 2015 was 0.826, and in 2019, it was 0.969. This means that the NDBI of the built-up area density in 2015 and 2019 strongly correlates with surface temperature. Correlation values between the vegetation density score and the surface temperature were -0.860 in 2015 and -0.949 in 2019. All correlation results are negative, which means that the vegetation density has an inverse ratio to surface temperature; in other words, high vegetation density causes low surface temperature.