Bioactivity-Guided Single-Step Isolation of Stachyspinoside from Sideritis congesta by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography

Abstract

Sideritis congesta is a plant native to Mediterranean countries. Infusions of this plant are used to treat various diseases. The anti-inflammatory potential of Sideritis species is widely known. However, the anti-inflammatory potential of an aqueous extract of S. congesta has not been investigated yet. In this study, the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of different fractions of an aqueous extract from S. congesta using bioactivity guided fractionation via centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) were determined. A CPC single-step isolation of a flavonoid stachyspinoside 1 from S. congesta is reported. In addition, a CPC fractionation protocol of the crude aqueous extract was developed. Three aqueous fractions (I, II, and III) of S. congesta were obtained, and their anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated with respect to their ability to inhibit the activity of COX-2 and NF-κB in vitro. Fraction I showed the highest COX-2 inhibition activity (92.3% inhibition at 0.1%). Fraction III showed the highest NF-κB inhibition activity (99.9% at 0.1%) among the CPC produced fractions. The structures of 3 compounds of fraction III could be identified and were validated by HPLC-PDA, HRMS, and NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the phenol, saponin, and flavonoid contents were quantified in the most potent CPC fractions (I and III).