Interspecies Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of GenusSolanumand Estimation of Rutin by Validated UPLC-PDA Method

Abstract

Solanaceae is one of the highly diverse plant families of whichSolanumis the largest genera (1700 species) containing several pharmacological properties like anticancer and antimicrobial. This motivated us to explore the anticancer (against HepG2, HEK-293, and MCF-7 cells) and antimicrobial (againstS. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa,andC. albicans) properties ofS. schimperianum,S. villosum,S. coagulans,S. glabratum,S. incanum,andS. nigrumalong with rutin estimation by UPLC-PDA method. Of the studiedSolanumextracts,S. nigrumexhibited significant cytotoxic property against HepG2 (IC50: 20.4μg/mL) and MCF-7 (IC50: 30.1μg/mL);S. coagulansshowed toxicity against HepG2 (IC50: 28.4μg/mL) and HEK-293 cells (IC50: 25.7μg/mL) compared to 5-Fluorouracil (standard). Compared to these, extracts ofS. coagulansandS. glabratumexhibited relatively high antimicrobial potency (MIC: 0.4-1.6 mg/mL). Nonetheless, allSolanumextracts significantly reduced the biofilm against PAO1-strain. Rutin was detected in all extracts with the highest content (53.79μg/mg) inS. coagulansthat supported its strong antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Molecular docking analysis showing strong binding of rutin with human DNA and proteins (DNA Topoisomerase IIαandE. coliDNA gyrase B) supported the anticancer and antimicrobial activities ofSolanumspecies.