Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Extract of Pistacia chinensis and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities

Abstract

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles by using plant extracts is previously explored in phytomedicines. Nanobiotechnology has many applications, including cosmetic, packing, coating, biomedicine, and enhanced biological activity. Keeping in view the importance of Pistacia chinensis, its gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been synthesized by the eco-friendless and cost-effective method. In this study, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by advanced techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The biological activities of these synthesized nanoparticles were examined in vitro by measuring the enzymatic inhibition potential on urease and carbonic anhydrase and in vivo by determining the analgesic and sedative activities. The UV spectrum indicated various peaks at the range of 530-550 nm, showing nanoparticles formation. The FT-IR spectroscopy of the extracts and AuNPs indicated the presence of NH, C═N, and N═O in the extract involved in the nanoparticles synthesis. The size of nanoparticles was determined by AFM analysis. The AFM showed that the nanoparticles range from 10 to 100 nm and are almost spherical in shape. The synthesized AuNPs exhibited significant urease inhibition potential with an IC50 value of 44.98. Similarly, the nanoparticles exhibited good carbonic anhydrase inhibition with an IC50 value of 53.54 against acetazolamide having IC50 0.13. Pistacia chinensis extract and its AuNPs exhibited excellent attenuation $p<0.01$ in acetic acid-induced writhing model at a dose of 15 mg/kg. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a significant sedative effect $p<0.001$ compared to the standard drug. This research work has developed a green method to synthesize nanoparticles by using Pistacia chinensis extract and directed the researcher to purify active phytochemicals from Pistacia chinensis involved in nanoparticles synthesized.