Immunological Evaluation for Personalized Interventions in Children with Tuberculosis: Should It Be Routinely Performed?

Author:

Carreto-Binaghi Laura E.1,Juárez Esmeralda1,Guzmán-Beltrán Silvia1,Herrera María Teresa1,Torres Martha1,Alejandre Alejandro2,Martínez-Orozco José Arturo3,Becerril-Vargas Eduardo3,Gonzalez Yolanda1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Microbiology Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX 14080, Mexico

2. Pediatric Pulmonology Clinical Ward, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX 14080, Mexico

3. Clinical Microbiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX 14080, Mexico

Abstract

Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem and the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active disease depends on mycobacterial virulence, environmental diversity, and host susceptibility and immune response. In children, malnutrition and immaturity of the immune system contribute to an inadequate immune response. Coinfections, though rarely described in TB, might be associated with host immune deficiencies. Here, we describe the immunological evaluation of eight pediatric patients infected with a member of the M. tuberculosis complex, most of them with concomitant pulmonary infections (bacteria, viruses, or fungi). We assessed the functionality of several innate immunity receptors, IL-12 receptor, and IFN-γ receptor, as well as the antioxidant levels (glutathione), which are essential mechanisms for fighting intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. This study is aimed at developing a thorough immunological evaluation of patients with TB and a coinfection.

Funder

National Institute for Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Immunology,General Medicine,Immunology and Allergy

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