The Application of Diabatic Heating inQ-Vectors for the Study of a North American Cyclone Event

Abstract

An extended version of theQ-vector form for theω-equation that includes diabatic (in particular latent) heating in theQ-vector itself is derived and tested for use in analyzing the life-cycle of a midlatitude cyclone that developed over the central United States during 24–26 December 2009. While the inclusion of diabatic heating in theQ-vectorω-equation is not unique to this work, the inclusion of diabatic heating in theQ-vector itself is a unique formulation. Here it is shown that the diabaticQ-vector gives a better representation of the forcing contributing to the life-cycle of the Christmas Storm of 2009 using analyses derived from the 80-km NAM.