HIV Preventive Behaviors and Associated Factors among Gold Mining Workers in Dima District, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background. HIV/AIDS is becoming more prevalent over time, resulting in a considerable number of deaths. In 2017, 36.9 million (35.1 million adults) people worldwide were living with HIV, 1.8 million people were newly infected with HIV, and 940 000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses. Mining workers are at a high risk of contracting HIV and infecting others, and effective prevention is a critical. Objective. To assess HIV preventive behaviors and associated factors among gold mining workers in Dima district, southwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods and Materials. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1st to 30th, 2019. A convenience sampling technique was used to get mining workers for the interview.The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were coded and entered into EpiData version 4.2.0.101, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software. A binary logistic regression was conducted to determine the association using odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals. A $P$ value of less than 0.05 considered the level of significance for HIV preventive behaviors. Results. From a total of 455 mining worker, 279 (61.3%) of them have good practices of HIV prevention. Factors associated with good preventive practice were not alcohol drinkers ( $\text{AOR}=2.86$ , 95% CI: 1.30-6.29), not chew khat ( $\text{AOR}=2.09$ , 95% CI: 1.09-4.02), having good knowledge about HIV ( $\text{AOR}=1.81$ , CI: 1.16-2.83), favorable attitude towards HIV prevention ( $\text{AOR}=4.76$ , 95% CI: 3.02-7.49), and high perceived susceptibility to HIV ( $\text{AOR}=2.63$ , 95% CI: 1.63-4.24). Conclusion. Only about 61% of the mining workers in the study area were practiced HIV preventive behaviors. Not alcohol drinkers, having good knowledge about HIV, having a favorable attitude toward HIV prevention, and having high perceived susceptibility to HIV were factors associated with the practice of HIV preventive behaviors. Efforts have to be made by local governments and other concerned bodies to increase preventive behavior.