Emerging Threats for Human Health in Poland: Pathogenic Isolates from Drug ResistantAcanthamoebaKeratitis Monitored in terms of TheirIn VitroDynamics and Temperature Adaptability

Abstract

Amphizoic amoebae generate a serious human health threat due to their pathogenic potential as facultative parasites, causative agents of vision-threateningAcanthamoebakeratitis (AK). Recently, AK incidences have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide, particularly in contact lens wearers. In our study, severe cases of AK in Poland and respective pathogenic isolates were assessed at clinical, morphological, and molecular levels. Misdiagnoses and the unsuccessful treatment in other ophthalmic units delayed suitable therapy, and resistance to applied chemicals resulted in severe courses and treatment difficulties. Molecular assessment indicated that all sequenced pathogenic corneal isolates deriving from Polish patients with AK examined by us showed 98–100% homology withAcanthamoebagenotype T4, the most prevalent genotype in this human ocular infection worldwide.In vitroassays revealed that the pathogenic strains are able to grow at elevated temperature and have a wide adaptive capability. This study is our subsequentin vitroinvestigation on pathogenicAcanthamoebastrains of AK originating from Polish patients. Further investigations designed to foster a better understanding of the factors leading to an increase of AK observed in the past years in Poland may help to prevent or at least better cope with future cases.