Comparison of the Nutritional Status of Swiss Albino Mice Fed on Either a Purified or Cereal-Based Diet for 15 weeks

Abstract

Background. Laboratory animals are commonly fed on cereal-based diets (CBDs) whose nutrient composition is unknown and may confound the metabolic response to study interventions. Purified diets such as AIN-93M are therefore recommended, as their nutrient composition is known. However, few studies have evaluated their use as adequate control diets. The aim of this study was to compare the nutrition status of Swiss albino mice fed on either CBD or AIN-93M for 15 weeks. Methods. Twenty Swiss albino mice aged 6–8 weeks and weighing 21.7 g ± 0.6 were fed on either CBD or AIN-93M diet for 15 weeks. Their nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric and hematological indices, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and total cholesterol to select an appropriate normal control diet. Results. The CBD had low-calorie content (2.57 kcal/g) and protein (11 ± 3.8 g/100 g) compared to AIN-93M (3.8 kcal/g and 14 g/100 g, respectively). The BMI of male mice fed on CBD and AIN-93M diets was significantly higher ( $P=0.0139$ and $P=0.0325$ , respectively) compared to that of females fed on similar diets. Animals in the CBD group had lower hemoglobin (15.1–16.9 g/dl) compared to those in the AIN-93M group (18.1–20.8 g/dl). Serum albumin levels were higher in both male $\left(P=0.001\right)$ and female $\left(P=3\times {10}^{-6}\right)$ mice fed on AIN-93M compared to those fed on CBD. Females in the AIN-93M group had higher cholesterol $\left(P=0.026\right)$ than those in the CBD group. Conclusion. The AIN-93 diet of caloric value 3.85 kcal/g (total protein 14 g, total fat 4 g of soy bean oil, fibre 5 g, and total carbohydrate 42 g per 100 g) can be safely used as a normal control diet in long-term research studies using Swiss albino mice.