Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Skin Cancers: A Review

Author:

Hodorogea Anastasia12ORCID,Calinescu Andreea13ORCID,Antohe Mihaela13,Balaban Mihaela13,Nedelcu Roxana Ioana134ORCID,Turcu Gabriela123ORCID,Ion Daniela Adriana14,Badarau Ioana Anca1,Popescu Catalin Mihai12,Popescu Raluca12,Popp Cristiana2ORCID,Cioplea Mirela12ORCID,Nichita Luciana12,Hulea Ionela14,Brinzea Alice124

Affiliation:

1. “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania

2. Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania

3. Derma 360° Clinic, 011273 Bucharest, Romania

4. National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Balș, 021105 Bucharest, Romania

Abstract

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in physiologic processes such as embryogenesis and wound healing. A similar mechanism occurs in some tumors where cells leave the epithelial layer and gain mesenchymal particularities in order to easily migrate to other tissues. This process can explain the invasiveness and aggressiveness of these tumors which metastasize, by losing the epithelial phenotype (loss of E-cadherin, desmoplakin, and laminin-1) and acquiring mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin). Complex changes and interactions happen between the tumor cells and the microenvironment involving different pathways, transcription factors, altered expression of adhesion molecules, reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins, production of ECM-degrading enzymes, and changes in specific microRNAs. The purpose of this review is to determine particularities of the EMT process in the most common malignant cutaneous tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) which still have an increasingly high incidence. More studies are required on this topic in order to establish clear correlations. High costs related to skin cancer therapies in general as well as high impact on patients’ quality of life demand finding new, reliable prognostic and therapeutic markers with significant public health impact.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cancer Research,Cell Biology,Molecular Medicine,General Medicine,Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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