Influence of Optimal Management of Hyperglycemia and Intensive Nursing on Blood Glucose Control Level and Complications in Patients with Postoperative Cerebral Hemorrhage

Abstract

Background. Cerebral hemorrhage, also known as hemorrhagic stroke, is a common clinical cerebrovascular disease, accounting for about 10%-30% of stroke, with high morbidity and mortality. Objective. To observe the effect of optimal management of hyperglycemia and intensive nursing on blood glucose control level and complications in patients with postoperative cerebral hemorrhage. Methods. One hundred and eight patients with postoperative cerebral hemorrhage comorbid with stress hyperglycemia admitted to our neurosurgery department from February 2019 to February 2022 were selected and divided into a general group of 54 cases and an optimized group of 54 cases by simple random method. The general group was managed with conventional care, while the optimized group developed optimized management of hyperglycemia for intensive care. The indexes related to blood glucose control, electrolytes, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, Barthel Index (BI) scores, and time to achieve blood glucose standard, insulin pumping time, patient satisfaction, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results. Before intervention, there was no statistical significance in the comparison of blood glucose control-related indicators and electrolytes between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). After 7 d and 14 d of intervention, the fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose in the two groups were lower than before, while K+ and Na+ were higher than before ( $P<0.05$ ). The blood glucose indexes at the same time point in the optimized group were found to be lower than those in the general group by statistical analysis, but electrolytes were not statistically significant when compared with the general group ( $P>0.05$ ). In the optimized group, the time to achieve blood glucose standard ( $6.59\pm 1.94$ ) d and insulin pumping time ( $7.14\pm 1.89$ ) d were shorter than those in the general group [( $7.48\pm 2.12$ ) d and ( $8.58\pm 2.14$ ) d], insulin dosage ( $748.85\pm 63.61$ ) U was less than that in the general group ( $923.54\pm 84.14$ ) U, and the incidence of hypoglycemia (3.70%) was lower than that in the general group (16.67%), and the satisfaction rate (92.59%) was higher than that of the general group (77.78%), which was statistically significant ( $P<0.05$ ). Before intervention, there was no significant difference in NIHSS score and BI score between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). After 7 d and 14 d of intervention, the NIHSS scores of the two groups were lower than before, while the BI scores were higher than before, and the NIHSS scores of the optimized group at the same time point were all lower than those of the general group, and the BI scores were higher than those of the general group ( $P<0.05$ ). The incidence of pulmonary infection (11.11%) and rebleeding (7.41%) in the optimized group were lower than those in the general group (25.93% and 22.22%), while deep vein thrombosis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and death within 28 d was not statistically significant when compared with the general group ( $P>0.05$ ). Conclusion. Optimal management of hyperglycemia and intensive nursing can effectively control the blood sugar level of patients after cerebral hemorrhage, reducing insulin dosage, and the occurrence of hypoglycemia, pulmonary infection, and rebleeding.