Risk Factors for Recurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Maternal and Infant Prognosis

Abstract

Objective. To explore and analyze the risk factors of recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its correlation with maternal and infant prognosis. Methods. The clinical data of 128 GDM patients admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into a recurrence group (n = 65) and a nonrecurrence group (n = 63) according to the presence or absence of recurrence after one year of follow-up. The general data and clinical data of the two groups of patients were compared by single factor, and the factors with statistical significance were analyzed by logistic regression, and the maternal and infant outcomes and prognosis of the two groups of patients were compared. Results. Compared with the nonrecurrence group, the recurrence group had a higher proportion of patients aged ≥35 years, with first fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L, and with BMI value index ≥25 kg/m2 during repregnancy, and the differences were statistically significant ( $p<0.05$ ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elder maternal age, high blood glucose level in the previous pregnancy, and high BMI index during this pregnancy were all high-risk factors for GDM recurrence ( $p<0.05$ ). Compared with the nonrecurrence group, the recurrence group had a lower rate of vaginal delivery, lower rate of premature rupture of membranes, lower rate of premature birth, lower rate of macrosomia, lower rate of neonatal asphyxia, lower rate of postpartum hemorrhage, and lower Apgar score within 1 minute of delivery ( $p<0.05$ ). Conclusion. Older maternal age, high blood glucose level in the previous pregnancy, and high BMI index during the present pregnancy are high-risk factors for GDM recurrence that can further lead to adverse outcomes for mothers and infants. Clinicians should place sufficient emphasis on targeted early measures responding to high-risk factors to minimize the risk of GDM recurrence and optimize maternal and infant outcomes.