Evaluation of the Relationship between Drink Intake and Periodontitis Using KoGES Data

Abstract

It was hypothesized that periodontal diseases could be influenced by nutrition and food types. However, the role of nutritional factors in the risk of periodontal disease has not been clearly elucidated. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between coffee, green tea, or soft drink intake and periodontitis. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from 2004 to 2016 from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Among 173,209 participants, 9,933 with periodontitis and 124,922 controls were selected. The frequency histories of coffee/green tea/soft drink intake among the participants were analyzed, and intake was categorized as no drink, mild drink (one time a month through six times a week), and heavy drink (one or more times a day). Variable factors were adjusted using logistic regression analysis (adjusted model). The chi-square test and independent $t$ -test were used for statistical analysis. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for coffee or green tea intake and periodontitis were not statistically significant. The aOR was 1.16 (95% confidence $\text{interval}\left(\text{CI}\right)=1.11$ –1.21, $P<0.001$ ) for mild soft drink intake and 1.02 ( $95\%\text{CI}=0.96$ –1.09, $P=0.518$ ) for heavy soft drink intake. Subgroup analysis showed that mild soft drink intake was significant across all groups ( $P<0.05$ ), whereas coffee and green tea intakes were not significant in any subgroup. Overall, the study elucidated an association between mild soft drink intake and periodontitis.