Obesity Paradox of All-Cause Mortality in 4,133 Patients Treated with Coronary Revascularization

Abstract

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in patients after coronary revascularization. Methods. The MIMIC-III database (version 1.4) was used as the sample population. For variables with less than 10% of values missing, we used the mice package of R software for multiple imputations. Cox regression was used to determine the risk factors of all-cause mortality in patients. RCSs were used to observe the relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality. Additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed to explore whether the conclusion can be applied to specific groups. Results. Both univariate and multivariate Cox models indicated that the mortality risk was lower for overweight patients than for normal-weight patients ( $P<0.05$ ). In RCS models, BMI had a U-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ( $P$ for nonlinearity = 0.0028). There was a weak U-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but the nonlinear relationship between these two parameters was not significant ( $P$ for nonlinearity = 0.1756). Conclusions. The obesity paradox does exist in patients treated with CABG and PCI. RCS analysis indicated that there was a U-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality in patients after CABG. After sex stratification, the relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality in male patients who received PCI was L-shaped, while the nonlinear relationship among females was not significant.