Genotyping Based on the LTR Region of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses from Naturally Infected Sheep and Goats from Mexico

Author:

Mendiola Wolfang P. S.1,Tórtora Jorge L.1,Martínez Humberto A.1,García María M.2,Cuevas-Romero Sandra3,Cerriteño José L.3,Ramírez Hugo1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, Campus 4, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, MEX, C.P. 54714, Mexico

2. Laboratory of Immunovirology, Medical Research in Immunology Unit, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico

3. National Research Center of Animal Microbiology Disciplines, National Research Institute of Forestry and Agriculture, INIFAP, C.P. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico

Abstract

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) belong to the genusLentivirusin the Retroviridae family. There are five genotypes (A, B, C, D, and E), where genotypes A and B have a global distribution and genotypes C, D, and E are limited to Europe. The presence of SRLV has been confirmed in Mexico, with genotype B detected in the central region of the country. We examined the presence of SRLVs and genotype prevalence in 1014 sheep and 1383 goats from 12 Mexican states. Using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) test, we detected SRLV antibodies in 107 sheep (10.55%) and 466 goats (33.69%). We used an endpoint PCR to amplify the LTR region on seropositive animals. A total of 50 sheep and 75 goats tested positive via PCR. Positive amplicons from 11 sheep and 17 goats from ten Mexican States were cloned and sequenced. With the LTR sequence data obtained in this study, a phylogenetic analysis was performed; we also constructed a phylogenetic tree using the obtained sequences and GenBank’s available sequences. All studied sequences were associated with genotype B, specifically with the FESC-752 isolate previously identified in Mexico. Highly conserved transcription factor binding sites were observed in analyzed alignments, such as AML (vis), AP-4, and TATA box. However, we identified nucleotide differences at site AP-1 that suggest function loss. Our study found that ovine and caprine genotype B SRLVs are widely distributed in Mexico; a highly conserved LTR region among the sequences evaluated in this study was also found.

Funder

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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