The Relationships between Leptin, Genotype, and Chinese Medicine Body Constitution for Obesity

Abstract

Background and Purpose. Obesity is a widespread and increasingly severe problem worldwide. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity have been identified, reflecting metabolic disorders between the environment, diet, and body constitution. Traditional Chinese medicine body constitution (TCMBC) plays a central role in the classification of human body constitution from the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study aims at exploring the relations between TCMBC and obesity-related biochemistry profiles and SNPs. Methods. The adults with body mass index (BMI) more than 27 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. General personal information, physical condition, TCMBC, biochemical, and SNPs were collected for eligible subjects. The body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) was used to evaluate the relationships between TCMBC tendency, biochemical values, and obesity-related SNPs. Results. Obesity patients tended to have a yin deficiency constitution (YinDC) (n = 33, 66.0%); however, TCMBC in combination is not uncommon (30 subjects with more than two TCMBC in combination). For biochemical profiles, leptin was higher among patients with yang deficiency constitution (YangDC) (YangDC versus non-YangDC: 29.7 ± 24.8 versus 15.9 ± 9.9, $P=0.020$ ) and YinDC (YinDC versus non-YinDC: 28.8 ± 23.5 versus 14.4 ± 9.6, $P=0.020$ ). The leptin level was highest among YangDC subjects. Higher leptin was found among subjects with three-combined TCMBC than balanced TCMBC subjects who were not inclined to any of three TCMBC. For obesity-related SNPs, the adrenergic receptor beta-3 (ADRB3) gene tended to be high expression among YangDC (YangDC versus non-YangDC: 89.7% versus 71.4%, $P=0.091$ ) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) tended to be high expression among phlegm-stasis constitution (PSC) (PSC versus non-PSC: 37.9% versus 9.5%, $P=0.052$ ). Conclusions. The relationships between TCMBC, leptin, and SNPs present alternative viewpoints about TCMBC and could be used as a guide to treat obese patients.